Recently published Pakistan Economic Survey 2024 has underscored the nation’s substantial progress in climate mitigation and adaptation efforts amidst rising frequency and intensity of natural disasters. The survey revealed a comprehensive strategy to combat climate change, emphasizing both mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate-induced challenges.
Rising Natural Disasters
It said Pakistan has witnessed a significant increase in climate-related natural disasters over the past decades, with floods, tropical cyclones, extreme temperatures, and droughts being the most prevalent. Notably, the devastating floods of 2010 and 2022, along with the catastrophic earthquake of 2005, resulted in substantial economic losses, casualties, and infrastructure damage.
These events have highlighted the urgent need for robust climate action as the intensity and frequency of such disasters have escalated due to global climate changes, including rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns.
Mitigation Efforts and Achievements
Despite its relatively minor contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, Pakistan has made significant strides in reducing its carbon footprint. The country achieved an 8.7 percent reduction in emissions between 2016 and 2018, surpassing its mitigation targets outlined in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 2016. The government aims to limit emissions to 1,603 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2e) by 2030.
In line with its ambitious goals, Pakistan is set to transition to 60 percent renewable energy and 30 percent electric vehicles by 2030, while also imposing a ban on imported coal. These initiatives are part of a broader strategy to decarbonize high-emission sectors such as energy and industry.
Adaptation Initiatives
The critical role of nature in climate adaptation, Pakistan has launched extensive natural capital restoration efforts. The Green Pakistan-Upscaling and Protected Areas Initiative (PAI) exemplifies these endeavors, focusing on restoring ecosystems and enhancing biodiversity. These initiatives also provide livelihood opportunities for vulnerable populations, including women and youth.
The government has also prioritized policy actions to mitigate the impact of climate change on critical sectors. The focus includes addressing the severe droughts and extreme precipitation events that are projected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Measures such as improved water management, afforestation, and sustainable land use practices are key components of Pakistan’s adaptation strategy.
Future Outlook
As the average temperature in Pakistan continues to rise, the nation is bracing for increased climate-related challenges. The Indus River Delta, in particular, is at significant risk due to rising temperatures and volatility in weather patterns. Pakistan’s comprehensive climate plan aims to build resilience against such challenges, ensuring sustainable development and safeguarding the livelihoods of its population.
The Pakistan Economic Survey 2024 reflects a robust commitment to addressing climate change through proactive mitigation and adaptation strategies. With continued efforts and international support, Pakistan aims to navigate the complexities of climate change while promoting sustainable economic growth.
